World Cancer Day 2020 – Reflecting on a Decade of NIOSH Cancer Research

4 years ago

February 4th, 2020 is World Cancer Day, and we are reflecting connected nan domiciled of nan occupational crab investigation being done astatine nan National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) successful reducing nan load of crab worldwide. Cancer develops arsenic a consequence of nan assemblage losing its expertise to power nan maturation and dispersed of abnormal cells. Globally, crab is nan 2nd starring origin of decease accounting for 9.6 cardinal deaths successful 2018 (IARC 2020). There are 17 cardinal group diagnosed pinch crab each twelvemonth worldwide, and this number is expected to summation (ACS 2018).

While location is nary azygous guidelines origin of cancer, location are a wide scope of exposures that whitethorn lend to a person’s consequence of cancer; this includes but is not constricted to:

Modifiable behaviors, specified arsenic intoxicant and baccy use;
Environmental exposures to ultraviolet light, pesticides, and pollution;
Infectious agents, specified arsenic viruses;
Inherited familial mutations; and
Workplace exposures.

The Role of Workplace Exposures successful Cancer Burden

Some circumstantial occupations that person been linked to accrued crab consequence see rubber manufacturing, paving, roofing, painting, and chimney sweeping. It has been estimated that 2-8% of each cancers worldwide are caused by exposures to carcinogens (substances known to origin cancer) successful nan workplace (Purdue et al. 2015). In 2016 (the astir caller twelvemonth pinch disposable data), location were betwixt 49,761 and 132,697 caller crab cases successful nan U.S. that were caused by past vulnerability successful nan workplace (U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group 2019). Worldwide, location are 340,738 and 1,362,952 caller crab diagnoses each twelvemonth caused by occupational exposure. It whitethorn beryllium safely assumed that these numbers are underestimated since our knowledge of each nan imaginable carcinogens successful nan workplace is emerging.

Cancers that hap owed to workplace exposures tin beryllium prevented. At NIOSH, we analyse nan carcinogenic consequence related to beingness and chemic agents by conducting studies of exposed workers. This allows america to amended understand nan narration betwixt activity and cancer.

A Decade of NIOSH Cancer Epidemiology Studies

Over nan past decade, investigators astatine NIOSH person published complete 50 epidemiologic studies of workplace-related cancer. These studies person evaluated a wide scope of perchance carcinogenic agents. See nan NIOSH Cancer Study References, 2009-2020 below.

Particulates, fibers, and metals (such arsenic diesel exhaust, asbestos, cadmium metal) and lung cancer
Chlorinated solvents and pesticides and glioma
Ortho-toluidine and bladder cancer
Formaldehyde, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and ionizing radiation and respective crab types, specified arsenic lung and tummy cancer
Industry-specific exposures (such arsenic building and microelectronics manufacturing) and respective crab types, specified arsenic leukemia
Occupation-specific exposures (such arsenic ember miners, aircrew, and firefighters) and respective crab types, specified arsenic lung cancer

The Impact of NIOSH Occupational Cancer Research

NIOSH has had a far-reaching effect connected some nationalist and world evaluations of perchance carcinogenic agents arsenic good arsenic vulnerability limits and recommendations released by nationalist and world agencies.

Some important findings of precocious published studies include:

Mortality from leukemia was associated pinch long of employment among styrene-exposed workers, specified arsenic those successful nan boatbuilding manufacture (Ruder et al. 2016; Bertke et al., 2018). These findings supply grounds for nan carcinogenicity of styrene successful humans, which nan International Agency for Research connected Cancer (IARC) classified arsenic a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen (IARC 2019a).
NIOSH investigators developed a ample cohort of astir 30,000 firefighters from Chicago, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. In this cohort, elevated rates of wide and site-specific cancers were observed, including digestive, oral, respiratory, and urinary cancers arsenic good arsenic leukemia (Daniels et al. 2014; Daniels et al. 2015). These erstwhile findings were confirmed successful a caller cohort update (Pinkerton et al. 2020). Findings from these studies contributed to nan recently established National Firefighter Registry (NFR) (NFR 2019).
Previous NIOSH studies of business chemic exposures (IARC 2018), insecticides and herbicides (IARC 2017), solvents (IARC 2016), and diesel exhaust (IARC 2013) person besides been captious successful caller reviews of carcinogenic agents conducted by IARC.
In 1 of nan largest cohorts of erstwhile formation attendants, an relation was observed betwixt higher cosmic radiation exposure, greater number of times zones crossed, and incidence of bosom crab successful a sub-group of women (Pinkerton et al. 2016). The NIOSH formation attendant study is 1 of very fewer aircrew studies pinch elaborate individual vulnerability estimates for circadian hit disruption and cosmic radiation exposure.
Incidence of bladder crab was positively associated pinch vulnerability to ortho-toluidine successful a cohort of rubber manufacturing workers (Carreon et al. 2010; Carreon et al. 2014). This study was included successful nan National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2014 assessment of ortho-toluidine arsenic a imaginable cancer-causing agent, which yet considered ortho-toluidine beryllium a known quality carcinogen. The results of this study were besides important successful IARC’s reappraisal of ortho-toluidine, which IARC wished to beryllium Group 1 carcinogen (IARC 2012).
Risk of lung crab was elevated successful beryllium-exposed workers astatine respective processing plants (Schubauer-Berigan et al. 2011). These findings were utilized successful an appraisal of lung crab consequence by nan Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) arsenic portion of a reevaluation of nan permissible vulnerability limit for beryllium and beryllium compounds successful workplaces (OSHA 2015; OSHA 2017). A follow-up study was published which besides supported these findings (Schubauer-Berigan et al. 2017).*

NIOSH investigators stay committed to improving our knowing of nan analyzable domiciled of work-related factors successful nan improvement of cancer. Looking to nan future, NIOSH crab investigation will proceed to beryllium a captious constituent to nan prevention of crab worldwide.

The Future of Occupational Cancer Research

In 2019, a group of 29 crab researchers from 18 countries met to prioritize complete 100 nominations of imaginable carcinogens that were submitted to nan Monographs Program of IARC for information during 2020-2024. The group’s recommendations included galore imaginable occupational exposures, specified arsenic metalworking fluids, disinfection byproducts, nanomaterials, non-ionizing radiation, and firefighting exposures (IARC 2019b).

Additional activity astatine NIOSH connected preventing occupational crab includes nan improvement of nan National Firefighter Registry (NFR). The NFR is simply a caller voluntary registry of U.S. firefighters that will thief show and amended understand their occupational crab risks. NIOSH will activity pinch occurrence work organizations to denote erstwhile enrollment is open. For much accusation and programme updates please visit: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/registry.html

What do you deliberation should beryllium astatine nan forefront of early investigation connected workplace crab risks? Let america cognize successful nan comments below.

Raquel Velazquez-Kronen, Ph.D., is an epidemiologist successful nan NIOSH Division of Field Studies and Engineering

Jasmine Nelson, B.S., is simply a nationalist wellness advisor successful nan NIOSH Division of Field Studies and Engineering

This blog has been translated into Spanish.

*Content updated 2/25/20

References

IARC. Wild CP, Weiderpass E, Stewart BW, editors. 2020. World Cancer Report: Cancer Research for Cancer Prevention. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 611 pp. http://publications.iarc.fr/586

American Cancer Society (ACS). 2018. Global Cancer Facts & Figures 4th Edition. Atlanta: American Cancer Society.

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. 2020. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA A Cancer J Clin 70: 7-30.

Purdue MP, Hutchings SJ, Rushton L, Silverman DT. 2015. The proportionality of crab attributable to occupational exposures. Annals of epidemiology 25(3): 188-192.

U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. 2019. U.S. Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool, based connected November 2018 submission information (1999-2016): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute; www.cdc.gov/cancer/dataviz

Ruder AM, Meyers AR Bertke-SJ. 2016. Mortality among styrene-exposed workers successful nan reinforced integrative boatbuilding industry. Occup Environ Med 73(2):97-102.

Bertke SJ, Yiin JH, Daniels RD. 2018. Cancer mortality update pinch an vulnerability consequence study among styrene-exposed workers successful nan reinforced plastics boatbuilding industry. Am J Ind Med 61(7):566-571.

IARC. 2019a. IARC Monographs connected nan Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Styrene, Styrene-7,8-oxide, and Quinoline. Vol. 121. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 345 pp.

Daniels RD, Kubale TL, Yiin JH, Dahm MM, Hales TR, Baris D, Zahm SH, Beaumont JJ, Waters KM, Pinkerton LE. 2014. Mortality and crab incidence successful a pooled cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950-2009). Occup Environ Med 71(6):388-397.

Daniels-RD; Bertke-S; Dahm-MM; Yiin-JH; Kubale-TL; Hales-TR; Baris-D; Zahm-SH; Beaumont-JJ; Waters-KM; Pinkerton-LE. 2015. Exposure-response relationships for prime crab and non-cancer wellness outcomes successful a cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950-2009). Occup Environ Med 72(10):699-706.

Pinkerton L, Bertke SJ, Yiin J, Dahm M, Kubale T, Hales T, Purdue M, Beaumont JJ, Daniels R. 2020. Mortality successful a cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia: an update. Occup Environ Med 77(2):84-93.

National Firefighter Registry (NFR). 2019. Firefighter resources; https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/registry.html

IARC. 2018. IARC Monographs connected nan Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some Industrial Chemicals. Vol. 115. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 289 pp.

IARC. 2017. IARC Monographs connected nan Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides. Vol. 112. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 452 pp.

IARC. 2016. IARC Monographs connected nan Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some Chemicals Used arsenic Solvents and successful Polymer Manufacture. Vol. 110. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 273 pp.

IARC. 2013. IARC Monographs connected nan Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Diesel and gasoline motor exhausts and immoderate nitroarenes. Vol. 105. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 703 pp

Pinkerton LE, Hein MJ, Anderson JL, Little MP, Sigurdson AJ, Schubauer-Berigan MK. 2016. Breast crab incidence among female formation attendants: vulnerability consequence analyses. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 42 (6): 538-546.

Carreón T, Hein MJ, Viet SM, Hanley KW, Ruder AM, Ward EM. 2010. Increased bladder crab consequence among workers exposed to o-toluidine and aniline: a reanalysis. Occup Environ Med 66(5):348-350.

Carreón T, Hein MJ, Hanley KW, Viet SM, Ruder AM. 2014. Bladder crab incidence among workers exposed to o-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene astatine a rubber chemic manufacturing plant. Occup Environ Med 71(3):175-82.

National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2014. Report connected carcinogens: Monograph connected ortho-Toluidine. U.S. DHHS, NIEHS, NTP; 236 pp.

IARC. 2012. IARC Monographs connected nan Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Chemical Agents and Related Occupations. Vol. 100F. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 599 pp.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2015. A Proposed Rule by OSHA connected 08/07/2015. Occupational Exposure to Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds. Document Citation:
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/08/07/2015-17596/occupational-exposure-to-beryllium-and-beryllium-compounds

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2017. Final Rule. Occupational Exposure to Beryllium. Fed Register # 82:2470-2757; https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/federalregister/2017-01-09

IARC. 2019b. Report of nan Advisory Group to Recommend Priorities for nan IARC Monographs during 2020–2024. IARC Monographs connected nan Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. WHO, IARC, Lyon, France; 309 pp.

Recent NIOSH Studies and Other Cited References

NIOSH Cancer Study References, 2009-2020

Particulates (Including Diesel) and Fibers

Bang KM, Mazurek JM, Wood JM, Hendricks SA. 2013. Diseases attributable to asbestos exposure: Years of imaginable life lost, United States, 1999-2010. Am J Ind Med. 2014 57(1):38-48.

Attfield MD, Schleiff PL, Lubin JH, Blair A, Stewart PA, Vermeulen R, Coble JB, Silverman DT. 2012. The Diesel Exhaust successful Miners Study: A cohort mortality study pinch accent connected lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 104(11):869-883.

Silverman DT, Samanic CM, Lubin JH, Blair A, Stewart PA, Vermeulen R, Coble JB, Rothman N, Schleiff PL, Travis WD and others. 2012. The Diesel Exhaust successful Miners Study: A nested case–control study of lung crab and diesel exhaust. J Natl Cancer Inst 104(11):855-868

Elliott L, Loomis D, Dement J, Hein MJ, Richardson D, Stayner L. 2012. Lung crab mortality successful North Carolina and South Carolina chrysotile asbestos textile workers. Occup Environ Med 69(6):385-390.

Loomis D, Dement JM, Elliott L, Richardson D, Kuempel ED, Stayner L. 2012. Increased lung crab mortality among chrysotile asbestos textile workers is much powerfully associated pinch vulnerability to agelong bladed fibres. Occup Environ Med 69(8):564-8.

Metals and Metalworking Fluids

Park RM. 2018. Risk appraisal for metalworking fluids and crab outcomes. Am J Ind Med 61(3):198-203.

Schubauer-Berigan MK, Couch JR, Deddens JA. 2017. Is beryllium-induced lung crab caused only by soluble forms and precocious vulnerability levels? Occup Environ Med 74(8):601-603.

Bertke-SJ, Lehman EJ, Wurzelbacher SJ Hein MJ. 2016. Mortality of lead smelter workers: a follow-up study pinch vulnerability assessment. Am J Ind Med 59(11):979-986.

Park RM, Stayner LT, Petersen MR, Finley-Couch M, Hornung R, Rice C. 2012. Cadmium and lung crab mortality accounting for simultaneous arsenic exposure. Occup Environ Med 69(5):303-9.

Schubauer-Berigan MK, Couch JR, Petersen MR, Carreón T, Jin Y, Deddens JA. 2011. Cohort mortality study of workers astatine 7 beryllium processing plants: update and associations pinch cumulative and maximum exposure. Occup Environ Med 68(5):345-353.

Schubauer-Berigan MK, Deddens JA, Couch JR. Petersen MR. 2011. Risk of lung crab associated pinch quantitative beryllium vulnerability metrics wrong an occupational cohort. Occup Environ Med 68(5):354-360.

Chlorinated and Other Organic Solvents

Ruder AM, Yiin JH, Waters MA, Carreon T, Hein MJ, Butler MA, Calvert GM, Davis-King KE, Schulte PA, Mandel JS and others. 2013. The Upper Midwest Health Study: gliomas and occupational vulnerability to chlorinated solvents. Occup Environ Med 70(2):73-80.

Meyers AR, Pinkerton LE, Hein MJ. 2013. Cohort mortality study of garment manufacture workers exposed to formaldehyde: Update and soul comparisons. Am J Ind Med 59(9):1027-39.

Lauby-Secretan B, Loomis D, Grosse Y, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, Baan R, Mattock H, Straif K and others. 2013. Carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls. Lancet Oncol 14(4):287-8.

Ruder AM, Hein MJ, Hopf NB, Waters MA. 2013. Mortality among 24,865 workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) successful 3 electrical capacitor manufacturing plants: A ten-year update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014 217(2-3):176-187.

Neta G, Stewart PA, Rajaraman P, Hein MJ, Waters MA, Purdue MP, Samanic C, Coble JB, Linet MS, Inskip PD. 2012. Occupational vulnerability to chlorinated solvents and risks of glioma and meningioma successful adults. Occup Environ Med 69(11):793-801.

Silver SR, Whelan EA, Deddens JA, Steenland NK, Hopf NB, Waters MA, Ruder AM, Prince MM, Yong LC, Hein MJ, Ward EM. 2009. Occupational vulnerability to polychlorinated biphenyls and consequence of bosom cancer. Environ Health Perspect 117(2):276-282.

Pesticides, Herbicides, and Fertilizers

Yiin JH, Daniels RD, Kubale TL, Dunn KL, Stayner LT. 2016. A study update of mortality successful workers astatine a phosphate fertilizer accumulation facility. Am J Ind Med 59(1):12-22.

Silver SR, Bertke SJ, Hines CJ, Alavanja MCR, Hoppin JA, Lubin JH, Rusiecki JA, Sandler DP, Beane-Freeman LE. 2015. Cancer incidence and metolachlor usage successful nan Agricultural Health Study: an update. Int J Cancer 137(11):2630-2643.

Yiin JH, Ruder AM, Stewart PA, Waters MA, Carreon T, Butler MA, Calvert GM, Davis-King KE, Schulte PA, Mandel JS and others. 2012. The Upper Midwest Health Study: a case-control study of pesticide applicators and consequence of glioma. Environ Health 11(1):39.

Charles LE, Burchfiel CM, Fekedulegn D, Gu JK, Petrovitch H, Sanderson WT, Masaki K, Rodriguez BL, Andrew-ME, Ross-GW. 2010. Occupational vulnerability to pesticides, metals, and solvents: nan effect connected mortality rates successful nan Honolulu Heart Program. Work 37(2):205-215.

Aromatic Amines

Carreón T, Hein MJ, Hanley KW, Viet SM, Ruder AM. 2014. Coronary artery illness and crab mortality successful a cohort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride, c disulfide, rotating displacement work, and o-toluidine astatine a chemic manufacturing plant. Am J Ind Med 57(4):398-411.

Carreón T, Hein MJ, Viet SM, Hanley KW, Ruder AM, Ward EM. 2010. Increased bladder crab consequence among workers exposed to o-toluidine and aniline: a reanalysis. Occup Environ Med 66(5):348-350.

Ionizing Radiation

Kelly-Reif K, Sandler DP, Shore D, Schubauer-Berigan M, Troester MA, Nylander-French L, Richardson DB. 2019. Mortality and crab incidence among underground uranium miners successful nan Czech Republic 1977-1992. Occup Environ Med 76(8):511-518.

Yiin JH, Anderson JL, Bertke SJ, Tollerud DJ. 2018. Dose-response relationships betwixt internally-deposited uranium and prime wellness outcomes successful gaseous diffusion works workers, 1948-2011. Am J Ind Med 61(7):605-614.

Daniels RD, Bertke SJ, Richardson DB, Cardis E, Gillies M; O’Hagan JA, Haylock R, Laurier D, Leuraud K, Moissonnier M, Thierry-Chef I, Kesminiene A, Schubauer-Berigan MK. 2017. Examining temporal effects connected crab consequence successful nan International Nuclear Workers’ Study. Int J Cancer 140(6):1260-1269.

Yiin JH, Anderson JL, Daniels RD, Bertke SJ, Fleming DA, Tollerud DJ, Tseng C-Y, Chen P-H, Waters KM. 2016. Mortality successful a mixed cohort of uranium enrichment workers. Am J Ind Med 60(1):96-108.

Schubauer-Berigan-MK; Daniels-RD; Bertke-SJ; Tseng-C-Y; Richardson-DB. 2015. Cancer mortality done 2005 among a pooled cohort of U.S. atomic workers exposed to outer ionizing radiation. Radiat Res 183(6):620-631.

Daniels RD, Bertke S, Waters KM, Schubauer-Berigan MK. 2013. Risk of leukaemia mortality from vulnerability to ionising radiation successful US atomic workers: a pooled case-control study. Occup Environ Med 70:41-48, 2013.

Silver SR, Bertke SJ, Hein MJ, Daniels RD, Fleming DA, Anderson JL, Pinney SM, Hornung RW, Tseng CY. 2013. Mortality and ionising radiation exposures among workers employed astatine nan Fernald quant Materials Production Center (1951-1985). Occup Environ Med 70(7):453-63.

Yiin JH, Anderson JL, Daniels RD, Seel EA, Fleming DA, Waters KM, Chen-PH. 2009. A nested case-control study of aggregate myeloma consequence and uranium vulnerability among workers astatine nan Oak Ridge gaseous diffusion plant. Radiat Res 171(6):637-645.

Schubauer-Berigan MK, Daniels RD, Pinkerton LE. 2009. Radon vulnerability and mortality among achromatic and American Indian uranium miners: an update of nan Colorado Plateau cohort. Am J Epidemiol 169(6):718-730.

Occupations

Pinkerton LE, Hein MJ, Anderson JL, Christianson A, Little MP, Sigurdson AJ, Schubauer-Berigan MK. 2018. Melanoma, thyroid cancer, and gynecologic cancers successful a cohort of female formation attendants. Am J Ind Med 61 (7): 572-581.

Shumate AM, Yeoman K, Victoroff T, Evans K, Karr R, Sanchez T, Sood A, Laney AS. 2017. Morbidity and wellness consequence factors among New Mexico miners: a comparison crossed mining sectors. J Occup Environ Med 59(8):789-794.

Schubauer-Berigan MK, Anderson JL, Hein MJ, Little MP, Sigurdson AJ, Pinkerton LE. 2015. Breast crab incidence successful a cohort of U.S. formation attendants. Am J Ind Med 58(3): 252-266.

Tsai RJ, Luckhaupt SE, Schumacher P, Cress RD, Deapen DM, Calvert-GM. 2015. Risk of crab among firefighters successful California, 1988-2007. Am J Ind Med 58(7):715-729.

Yong LC, Pinkerton LE, Yiin JH, Anderson JL, Deddens JA. 2014. Mortality among a cohort of U.S. commercialized hose cockpit crew. Am J Ind Med 57(8): 906-914.

Tsai RJ, Luckhaupt SE, Schumacher P, Cress RD, Deapen DM, Calvert GM. 2014. Acute myeloid leukemia consequence by manufacture and occupation. Leuk Lymphoma 55(11):2584-2591.

Graber JM, Stayner LT, Cohen RA, Conroy LM, Attfield MD. 2014. Respiratory illness mortality among US ember miners; results aft 37 years of follow-up. Occup Environ Med 71(1):30-9.

Hammer GP, Auvinen A, De Stavola BL, Grajewski B, Gundestrup M, Haldorsen T, Hammar N, Lagorio S, Linnersjo A, Pinkerton L and others. 2014. Mortality from crab and different causes successful commercialized hose crews: a associated study of cohorts from 10 countries. Occup Environ Med 71(5):313-22.

Silver SR, Pinkerton LE, Fleming DA, Jones JH, Allee S, Luo L, Bertke SJ. 2013. Retrospective cohort study of a microelectronics and business instrumentality facility. Am J Ind Med. doi:10.1002/ajim.22288.

Calvert GM, Luckhaupt S, Lee SJ, Cress R, Schumacher P, Shen R, Tak S, Deapen D. 2012. Lung crab consequence among building workers successful California, 1988-2007. Am J Ind Med 55(5):412-22.

Luckhaupt SE, Deapen D, Cress R, Schumacher P, Shen R, Calvert GM. 2012. Leukemia among antheral building workers successful California, 1988-2007. Leuk Lymphoma 53(11):2228-36.

Pinkerton LE, Waters MA, Hein MJ, Zivkovich Z, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Grajewski B. 2012. Cause-specific mortality among a cohort of U.S. formation attendants. Am J Ind Med 55(1):25-36.

Ruder AM, Waters MA, Carreon T, Butler MA, Calvert GM, Davis-King KE, Waters KM, Schulte PA, Mandel JS, Morton RF and others. 2012. The Upper Midwest Health Study: manufacture and business of glioma cases and controls. Am J Ind Med 55(9):747-55.

Gu-JK; Burchfiel CM, Charles LE, Andrew ME, Violanti JM. 2011. Cancer incidence among constabulary officers successful a U.S. northeast region: 1976-2006. Int J Emerg Mental Health 13(4):279-289.

Robinson CF, Sullivan PA, LiJ; Walker JT. 2011. Occupational lung crab successful US women, 1984-1998. Am J Ind Med 54(2):102-117.

Birdsey J, Alterman T, Li J, Petersen MR; Sestito J. 2010. Mortality among members of a motortruck driver waste and acquisition association. AAOHN J 58(11):473-480.

Ruder AM, Carreon T, Butler MA, Calvert GM, Davis-King KE, Waters MA, Schulte PA, Mandel JS, Morton RF, Reding DJ, Rosenman KD, Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group. 2009. Exposure to workplace crops, livestock, and workplace tasks and consequence of glioma. The Upper Midwest Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 169(12):1479-1491.

Other Chemicals

Ruder AM, Bertke SJ. 2017. Cancer incidence among boat-building workers exposed to styrene. Am J Ind Med 60(7):651-657.

Ruder AM, Meyers AR Bertke-SJ. 2016. Mortality among styrene-exposed workers successful nan reinforced integrative boatbuilding industry. Occup Environ Med 73(2):97-102.

Pinkerton LE, Yiin JH, Daniels RD, Fent KW. 2016. Mortality among workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate successful nan US polyurethane foam industry: update and exposure-response analyses. Am J Ind Med 59(8):630-643.

Ruder AM, Yiin JH. 2011. Mortality of US pentachlorophenol accumulation workers done 2005. Chemosphere 83(6):851-861.

Other

Martin CJ, Jin C, Bertke SJ, Yiin JH, Pinkerton LE. 2019. Increased wide and cause-specific mortality associated pinch disablement among workers’ compensation claimants pinch debased backmost injuries. Am J Ind Med: 1-9.

Bang KM, Mazurek JM, Storey E, Attfield MD, Schleiff PL, Wood, JM, Wassell JT. 2009. Malignant mesothelioma mortality – United States, 1999–2005. JAMA 302(1):25-26.

Posted connected February 4, 2020 by Raquel Velazquez-Kronen, Ph.D.; and Jasmine Nelson, B.S.

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